debian系统更换软件源镜像提高国内下载速度呢?使用国内小众云主机经常会遇到的问题，下载更新软件速度慢。如果预装系统没有根据位置选择合适软件源镜像，建议手动修改 debian 软件源镜像以加快速度。所以，Debian使用国外镜像源，在国内使用会造成更新软件慢或者找不到等问题，装完系统，应对软件源进行设置，改为国内源，下载速度就变快。本文将指导新手用户更换软件源，希望对用户有所帮助。
国内debian软件源镜像
列出几个常用国内 Debian软件源镜像。点此可查看完整镜像节点。
| 镜像节点 | 镜像地址 |
|---|---|
| Debian | http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ |
| 阿里云 | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ |
| 华为云 | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ |
| 网易 | http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ |
| 清华大学 | http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ |
| 中国科大 | http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ |
| 兰州大学 | http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ |
更换Debian软件源镜像
在操作前，先重命名备份软件源配置文件，以便在需要时可以还原。
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
创建新的配置文件。
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
内容如下(通常只需按需修改其中发行版代号和镜像地址，详细查看后面备注介绍)。
deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
逐个介绍配置内容里的参数含义：
deb：二进制软件包;
deb-src：源代码软件包;
网址：软件包镜像地址;
发行版代号：适用对应发行版的软件包，可用 lsb_release -c 命令查询代号名称;
发行版代号跟随参数：软件包类型(xxxxx/updates 安全错误更新，xxxxx-updates 普通维护更新，xxxxx-backports 向后移植软件包，将较新软件补丁移植到旧版软件上);
main：遵循 DFSG 标准的自由软件;
contrib：遵循 DFSG 标准的自由软件，但存在 non-free 依赖;
non-free：不符合 DFSG 标准的软件;
更新配置文件后重建软件包索引生效。
apt-get update
如果你用的是 https 软件源镜像地址，那么需要确保已安装下面两个软件。
apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates
也可以手工修改 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件，以 Debian 10 Buster 为例：
163镜像站
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
华为云镜像站
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
腾讯云镜像站
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
中科大镜像站
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
阿里云镜像站
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
清华大学镜像站
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
兰州大学镜像站
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
上海交大镜像站
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
